Land and agrarian reform in the Kyrgyz Republic began in the early 90s with the adoption of the Laws ; "On Land Reform", "On Peasant Economy", Land Code of the Kyrgyz Republic. The failure of the collective economy led to a severe economic crisis for the entire rural sector, and the government began to take measures to denationalize it.
In order to create effective conditions for the economic and economic activity of rural commodity producers, through the transition to market principles in land and agricultural relations, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic adopted a number of important decrees, including ; "On measures to further implement land and agrarian reform ; (1992), " On measures to deepen land and agrarian reform in the Kyrgyz Republic " (1994), which marked the beginning of an in-depth land and agrarian reform.
In a short period of time, a large number of collective and state farms, existing in the country in 1992 (more than 600), were reorganized.
75 percent of all agricultural land, except for the pastures assigned to agricultural enterprises, was first allocated for long-term use (for 55 years, then for 99 years), and then transferred to private ownership of rural residents (the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On the introduction of land Code of the Kyrgyz Republic ", adopted in 1999). 25 percent of arable land remained in state ownership and formed the National Land Fund (later renamed the Agricultural Land Redistribution Fund).
As a result of the land reform, out of almost 5 million of the population of the republic, more than 52% or about 510 thousand families received land shares. They were issued certificates of the right to use, and then the right of ownership, indicating all family members.
Rural residents who received a certificate of ownership of a land share, with the consent of family members, had the right to sell, exchange, inherit, mortgage and lease, voluntarily unite or withdraw from agricultural cooperatives, associations and peasant farms. So the movement of the land market began.
During the land reform, out of the existing 1 million 226.3 thousand hectares of arable land, 920.5 thousand hectares, or 75.1%, were allocated to land shares, as well as 21.6 thousand hectares of perennial plantations (61.2%) , and 82.2 thousand hectares of hayfields (56.1%).
Thus, over the years of the land reform in the Kyrgyz Republic, fundamental changes have taken place in land relations. The Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic recognizes the right to private ownership of land, owners are given the right to use and dispose of their land plots at their own discretion.
A regulatory legal framework has been created for almost all types of land categories of the Land Fund, and legal relations in the field of land use are sustainable. Specific mechanisms and procedures for granting rights to agricultural and non-agricultural land categories have been worked out.
RDF experts have taken part in land reform since the mid-90s, and were also involved in the development of Land Code, Law on the management of agricultural land, Law on pastures and other regulatory legal acts regulating land relations. Together with international experts, an analysis of land legislation was also carried out and subsequently appropriate recommendations were developed at the country level.
RDF experts conducted research on the results of the land reform carried out at different stages of its implementation, in order to develop recommendations for the implementation of land reform measures.